AG Pfeilschifter
Group leader: Prof. Dr. Josef Pfeilschifter
Postdocs: Dr. Stephanie Schwalm, Dr. Sammy Patyna, Dr. Usman Nasrullah, Dr. Madeleine Eichler
PhD/Medical Students: Anke Oftring, Verena Haas
Technicians: Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Simone Albert
Gäste: Dr. Alexandra Lucaciu, Dr. Roxane Kestner, Eva Lückhoff, Franziska Mayer, Lena Weiß
Research Interests:
Regulation of sphingolipid metabolism in cell culture and animal models of inflammatory kidney diseases.
In the last years, it has become clear that sphingolipids not only serve as inert structural components of cell membranes but may also exert important functions as signalling molecules under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Especially ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) have attracted a lot of interest due to their potential involvement in regulation of the balance between cell death and survival, particularly with regard to fibrosis and tumor growth as well as therapy. However, the mechanisms that regulate the intracellular levels of these two second messengers are still poorly understood. Ceramide itself is connected with programmed cell death (apoptosis) in many cell types. It is generated by de novo syntheses or by the salvage pathway. In the later case sphingomyelinases of which several forms have been identified are activated by a variety of stress factors. According to their pH optimum they are divided into acid, neutral and alkaline subfamilies. To date, the relevant sphingomyelinase responsible for stress-induced ceramide accumulation is not yet identified. Once generated ceramide can activate several signalling cascades that ultimately lead to apoptosis. Ceramide is degraded by ceramidases yielding sphingosine which serves as a substrate for the sphingosine kinase (SPHK)-1 and SPHK-2 to form S1P which in turn is a potent mitogen for many cell types. As it is the case for the sphingomyelinases the ceramidases are also divided into three subfamilies, the acid, neutral and alkaline forms according to their pH optimum. Particularly the neutral sphingomyelinase, the neutral ceramidase and the SPHKs, which all are predominantly found in the cytosol or at the plasma membrane, are the most likely candidates for regulating the ceramide/S1P balance in cells. We investigate neutral sphingomyelinase, neutral ceramidase, and SPHK-1 and SPHK-2 including the regulation of their expression levels and activities as well as their contribution to cell apoptosis and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We also investigate the role of putative S1P transporter and S1P receptor activation in the context of renal diseases. A further project focuses on the analysis and quantification of various sphingolipid species from cell extracts and tissues of healthy and diseased subjects by the method of tandem mass spectrometry (in collaboration with Prof. Dr. Dr. Gerd Geisslinger, Department of Clinical Pharmacology).
Funding:
We gratefully acknowledge the following institutions/foundations for the financial support:
- German Research Foundation
- SFB 1039: “Signalling by Fatty Acid Derivatives and Sphingolipids in Health and Disease”
- Fondation Leducq
- Uniscientia Stiftung (Vaduz)
- Dr. Werner Jackstädt-Stiftung
- Lipid Signaling Forschungszentrum Frankfurt (LiFF)
- Goethe University Frankfurt
Recent Review Articles:
- Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J (2018) Sphingolipid signaling in renal fibrosis. Matrix Biol. 68-89: 230-47.
- Patyna S, Eckes T, Büttner S, Pfeilschifter J, Koch A (2018) Sphingosine 1-phosphate in renal diseases: molecular mechanisms und clinical relevance. [German] Nieren- und Hochdruckkrankheiten 47, 137-41.
- Blankenbach KV, Schwalm S, Pfeilschifter J, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D (2016) Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-2 Antagonists: Therapeutic Potential and Potential Risks. Front. Pharmacol. 7: 167.
Contact:
Prof. Dr. med. Josef Pfeilschifter
pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES
Department of General Pharmacology and Toxicology
Goethe University and University Hospital Frankfurt
Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Building 74 – 3.102b
D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
+4969 6301-6951